Marble stones are one of the most important building stones. Marble quarries are the most abundant building stone quarries. In this article, we will learn about marble, types of marble and mines that produce marble. Types of marble are divided into other subgroups based on the amount of magnesium carbonate. Below are some of these marble stones:
• Calcite marble stone
• Magnesite marble stone
• Dolomite marble stone
These other types exist in white, light and dark colors and colors such as red, brown, pink, cream, green, mustard and black due to the presence of impurities. All types of marble are similar in terms of hardness. Because they are not very strong, they use the wire cutting method on them.
There are other types of marbles that are similar to other marbles in terms of features and formation methods, but in terms of hardness, they are closer to granite and porcelain. These stones should be used filled due to the presence of pores. In the past, ordinary concrete was used to fill these stones. The ingredients of this putty were Simka Mel and stone powder. But nowadays they use resin for this purpose. Some of these marble stones are laced with glue and resin or epoxy and glue to make them more stable.
Don’ts of different types of marble stone
Marble is a relatively delicate stone that should be used very carefully. All the things we say below are among the things that can damage this beautiful stone. Just like any type of building materials that have their own uses, if marble is used in the right conditions and in the right place, it will not be a problem and it will give the place an impressive glory.
The effect of weather conditions and natural factors on marble types
Apart from absorbing water, marbles may have problems with weather and heavy weather conditions. Unlike other stones such as travertine, marble is weak against natural factors such as rain, cold, heat and weathering. If it is placed in places that are constantly exposed to expansion and contraction, it will gradually corrode. Another thing is sunlight. It is not very smart to use marble stone on the facade of the building, which exposes it to constant sunlight. In general, exposure to the sun and rain causes marbles to turn pale over time. Therefore, it is suggested not to use marbles in places, especially the facade of the building. There is no problem in using marbles for sarahis. Because in the production of Sarahi, the high quality of the stone and its homogeneity are taken into consideration.
Marble resistance to abrasion
As mentioned, marble types are less resistant than other stones. Therefore, using it in busy and crowded places is not a good option. If this stone is used in halls and bridges with high traffic, it will wear out and pit over time. However, the use of weaker grades will increase the rate of abrasion.
Is there artificial marble?
Artificial stone is the result of recombining real stones with polymer chemicals and other additives such as cement. Artificial stone weighs less than the natural one. At about half the weight of real stone, it is easier to install than natural stone. Another important point about natural stone is the freedom of action of the producer. This means that it can apply any design and color to the final product and give it different features. As a result, it is possible for synthetic stones to simulate many natural stones.
Marble is one of these stones, whose artificial example is also made. In fact, it can be said that this stone in Iran, along with granite, are two popular stones for artificial simulation. As mentioned, by changing the characteristics of manufactured stone, you can get even better results than natural stone. For example, in the case of marble, which has more water absorption than granite, it is possible to reduce the water absorption to zero in the artificial sample. In addition, there is no limitation of production dimensions in the artificial type.
Iranian marble producing mines
All types of marble are extracted and processed in Iran. Many mines of this stone have been identified and exploited in Iran. There are certainly many other mines that have either not been discovered or have not been exploited. Marble stone is available in a wide range of colors in Iran. In terms of color, Iran’s marble mines have the most diverse colors in the world. Here are some of its types:
Abadeh marble quarry
The mine of this stone is located in Abadah, Fars province. It is one of the types of marble that has attracted the attention of manufacturers due to its bright color and beautiful designs and good price. Abadeh marble has a cream and pink background and is filled with cream and pink veins and cotton flowers. There are other forms of Abadeh marble with a darker color and more impurities. This stone is one of those stones where resin and epoxy are used to increase strength.
Adavi marble mine
Edavi marble is extracted from Khor and Biabank mines in Isfahan province. Adavi marble is one of the best Iranian marble stones, which is exported to neighboring countries more than other types of marble due to its affordable and suitable price. Adawi stone has a light cream-like, pink and gray color, and white flowers and fossils are also seen in it. This stone is generally cut and processed in the form of a carpet.
Arsanjan marble mine
As the name suggests, the mine of this stone is Arsanjan, Fars province. Arsanjan marble is also known as peacock and has a cream-beige color. The reason why it is also called peacock feather is the pattern of fossils in its texture. This stone is one of the cheap stones and has different uses due to its good absorption and high compressive strength.
Ark Bastam marble quarry
This stone is extracted from South Khorasan stone mines. The characteristic of this type of marble is light to dark cream color and black and orange veins and white crystal flowers that can be seen on it.
Urmia marble mine
It is interesting that this stone is known as Sicilian stone, but it is extracted from Urmia mine. It has a light cream background with dark brown streaks and short waves.
Ocean Blue Marble Quarry
The mine of this different and beautiful marble is in the old city of Yazd. This stone has an eye-catching water and gray colored background. Its waves are reminiscent of the blue waves of the sea and have blue and white lines.
Hersin marble mine
Hersin mine is another large and large-capacity marble mine in Iran, which is located in Hersin city. The marble extracted from this mine is bright and shiny with a milky white background. Because of the milky streaks on this stone, it is also known as deer horn in the stone market. Hersin marble is one of the high quality and reliable types of stone that has different grades and therefore different prices.
Iranian marbles
1- Takab marble: Takab marble with light cream color and dark halos is extracted from the mines of Takab city in West Azarbaijan and is suitable for interior spaces of buildings, floors, walls and staircases.
2- Khoy marble: Khoy is located in West Azerbaijan and the characteristics of Khoy marbles are compact texture and high resistance.
3- Kashmar marble: Kashmer city is located in Khorasan-Razavi province. The characteristic of Kashmer marbles is white and light color and thick and thin lines. Crystal lines and deer antlers are variable in Kashmir marble.
4- Golden Black marble: It can be seen in different areas of the country, including Kashan and Yazd. This marble has a black background or pencil tip with gold and sometimes white lines
These were part of the important marble mines of Iran, which we discussed in the text. Now let’s take a look at the most important marble mines in the world.
World marble producing mines
Arbescato stone mine
This mine is located in Italy, and the stone they extract from it has a gray background and its grains are coarse and white. The price of this stone is very, very high compared to domestic stones, and customers who are looking for its unique and stylish design buy it. Compared to other types of marble, this stone has higher resistance and lower water absorption.
Dark and Light Emperor Marble Quarry
The main origin of this group of types of marble stone is Spain, and the main type is extracted from the mines of this country. But countries like Turkey and China also extract and produce this stone. Dark Emperor has a dark brown color theme and white and gold veins fill its environment and give this stone a unique charm. Its good absorption, high transparency and eye-catching pattern always attract the attention of architects and designers.
Emperor Light is the twin brother of the same stone, which, unlike the other type, is mostly imported into Iran from Turkish mines. The color theme of this stone is honey with white and golden spider veins. Recently, marble stones have been discovered in our country that are very similar to Emperor Light.
Ice Flower Marble Mine
Ice Flower marble, which means ice flower, is extracted from the mines of the beautiful country of India. The main theme of this stone is black with veins and large ice white halos, which gives a special beauty to this type of stone. Different types of marble are extracted from Indian mines, which is one of the most famous of them.
These were part of the world-known types of marble, which can be considered a drop of the sea. In the following, we take a look at other types of marble in Iran and the world, which you can search for if you are interested in studying more.
Carrara marble
Carrara marble in Italy is white to blue-gray, which is one of the oldest marble mines in the world. It dates back to the ancient Roman era. Many ancient statues and temples of Rome, such as the Pantone Temple in 126 BC and the statue of Edward VII in 1913, were made of this type of marble.
Macarana marble
Makrana marble in India is one of the most important marble mines in the world, which are divided into several categories based on color and texture.
White marble: it is marked with white color and used in commercial and religious buildings such as mosques. Temple. Churches and monuments have been used
Alberta brown marble: It is milky white to gray to brown and is cut into blocks, tiles, and slabs.
Dhangri marble: This type of marble is from the oldest part of the Makrana complex mine and is mainly used in the floor of the building. Many important buildings and monuments of India have been made of marbles from Makrana mines, such as: the Taj Mahal building in Agra, India and Victoria Memorial in Calcutta
It should be noted that Makrana marble has been registered as a world stone heritage in the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
Marmarit Yel
Yale mine is located 2 miles from the city of Colorado, USA. This type of marble is white in color with coarse and regular graining, where thin brown streaks can be seen.
This type of marble has a uniform texture and since its calcite content reaches 99.5% in some cases, it is called Nir Snow Marble. Many famous buildings in America, such as the Abraham Lincoln Memorial. The monument to the unknown soldiers is made of marbles from this mine.
Other mines in Iran and the world
Yazd Beauty Black marble
Paradise Semiram Isfahan marble
Kurdistan palladium marble
Rafsanjan, Kerman autumn marble
Taranj Mime marble stone
Chitai marble stone in the localities of the central province
Dehbid Koh Sefid marble
Safashehr pearl marble stone
Abadeh diplomat marble
Russo Levante Turkish marble
Indian Rain Forest Marble
Seattle Green Marble
Indian Silver Porto marble
In terms of variety of building stone mines of the whole country
54% marble
Granite 20%
Travertine 10%
1% marble